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Sunday, 11 September 2016

The Emergence of Yoga - A seminar with Sri TK Sribhashyam, T. Krishnamacharya's third son. (GUEST POST)

Posted on September 11, 2016 by ravi
My friend Chiara recently attended Sri TK Sribhashyam's workshop at Harmony Yoga organised by Steve Brandon, (I'm now living in Japan and unfortunately was unable to attend), Chiara kindly agreed to share the guest post below.

My own practice has been strongly influenced by Krishnamacharya's third son Sri TK Sribhashyam's teaching (more on this as well links to my earlier posts in the notes at the end of Chiara's guest post.) 

Krishnamacharya's third son Sri TK Sribashyam's replicated part of the 'acroyoga' scene from the 1934 Krishnamacharya documentary footage in the movie Breath of gods (see end of blog)



The Emergence of Yoga - A seminar with Sri TK Sribhashyam 
by Chiara (blog http://www.theyogicat.com/about/ - Post in Italian HERE).


Last July I attended a seminar with Sri TK Sribhashyam, one of the sons of Sri T Krishnamacharya. The topic of the seminar was an in depth coverage of his book on Yoga, which has already been published in several languages.

The Emergence of Yoga is an excellent and detailed book, offering a perspective more related to the Vedic tradition, excellent explanation sheets of asana and pranayama, as well as a large number of practice examples, including some of Sri T Krishnamacharya's personal practices.

Link to Amazon
available in several languages

In the book, almost against the flow, Patanjali and his Yoga Sutras are practically non referenced. Reference is made instead mostly to the Vedas and the teachings of Yajnavalkya, whose treatise was regarded as a very important text for Krishnamacharya.

I am very interested in studying with direct students of Sri T Krishnamacharya, because as his teachings *appear* to be reported in a different manner by each of his different students, this man is for me still a mystery.

In fact, as I practice and study, I realize that at the basis of the different interpretations there is a great consistency; the importance of letting conscious breathing guide the practice, be it designed for supple kids or shriveled adults; the respect for different human possibilities at the basis of the method; the practice designed in a way that it becomes a ritual leading towards deep meditative states.

But as teachings always tend to be coloured by the experience and personality of the students, whatever they say or want to admit, each student will re-enact them in a different way.

So the opportunity, created with typical dedication by Steve Brandon at Harmony Yoga, to sit by another important student of Krishnamacharya and practice under his leadership, was too great for me to ignore. Therefore I decided to exceed my budget for the year and enroll in the seminar of Sri TK Sribhashyam. I booked flights and accommodation and I waited expectantly the moment, re-reading the book and preparing some questions.

I was also expectant because I knew that I was going to face a different experience than what more 'secular' workshops tend to offer. A thorough reading of The Emergence of Yoga and my attempts to follow the rest of Sribhashyam's books on the Bhakti path, had me confront my instinctive rejection of all that contains the word 'God' and 'Devotion'. But Sri TK Sribhashyam's approach is firmly in the Vedic tradition, as was Sri T Krishnamacharya's even though we often do not think of this.
So I knew that somehow my participation in this seminar would be a challenge, a test of aspects that - if scaring me so much - have to be extremely important for me, I think.

I admit that I find it hard to swallow the concept of iśvarapranidhāna unless intended as deep commitment in the activities undertaken, going beyond one's personal interests. To this I adhere completely. It is the next step which I feel uncertain of .. But we'll come back to the iśvara problem.

That Sri K Sribhashyam is a traditional teacher was soon realized, when he asked to receive the questions we wanted to ask in advance to the seminar, reserving judgment on whether or not to give an answer. That he is a serious and committed teacher was also soon made clear, as we received a document before the seminar, containing many answers to our questions and the commitment to expand some of the explanations during the seminar.

The seminar was organized with theoretical sessions, practices and slots for expanded answers to the previously submitted questions and new questions about the practices carried out in the day. Some of his longtime students were also attending the seminar and the most gentle Brigitte Khan demonstrated the practical sessions under the guidance of Sribhashyam. Many of the participants were teachers, or students from other schools.

Sribhashyam promptly asked us to listen, set our previous knowledge on one side, let what we were learning settle, feel complete freedom to evaluate the usefulness of continuing to practice what we had learned or not, but only after the experience of the workshop would be over.
This silenced many questions related to comparisons with previous experience, possibly it silenced many questions altogether, and reminded me of what Ramaswami once said, with regard to the reading of texts: first read what the author has to say, emptying your mind from pre-existing thoughts, then re-read in the light of your thinking.
Difficult, already a meditation exercise in itself.

The practical sessions were based on the ones in the book; Sribhashyam did not make corrections to our practice, except for some fundamental aspects: that the standing posture was correct, that our backs were well straight in sitting positions and that our Sitali was practiced correctly. I admit I breathed a sigh of relief when I passed the 'test' of Sitali.

Sribhashyam asked us explicitly to: receive instruction, do not think about why we were being corrected, do not make comparisons with what we had learned before, do not let our mind be affected by the corrections. See above!

The practices begin and end with a pranayama and present a very important aspect, resting on the floor after each āsana or prānāyāma. Sribhashyam was quite clear that this lying down was not to be Savasana, but an attentive posture with legs together - although kept relaxed - arms alongside the body, what we know as urdhva mukha samasthiti, maintaining and observing the state of mind acquired. Until today I had rested after āsanas series, or in the case of tiring vinyāsas. A quiet moment before the next part of the practice session has always been important but I never used to observe it lying down, after each single exercise.
The initial feeling is of interruption, especially through a standing sequence, but the usefulness of this approach appears soon enough. We will see later that this 'stop' is crucial in the design and scope of practice. This lying on the floor makes it easier to observe mental state changes occurring during the practice, to evaluate the effect of āsana after having practiced it and not just during its performance.

Despite the fact that all practices (obviously?!) used vinyāsa to enter and exit from āsana, and that some āsanas were only performed dynamically; despite the fact that the number of breaths in the āsana were often no more than three, the overall experience was of a very steady, stable, still, practice. I must say that I have been feeling the need to 'be still' for a while now and as often happens, Sribhashyam arrived at the right time.

I also found very interesting, from a practical aspect, that the number of repetitions or breaths in the prone āsanas did not exceed the number of three. In fact, these are intense postures with a strong effect, they 'warm up' more than others and may disrupt the total effect of the practice.
Sribhashyam briefly introduced the Ayurvedic concept of shitha, ushna and shithoshna, which reminded me of langhana and brhamana concepts learned previously (here comes the mind, seeking footholds and comparisons with what you have learned before and do not allow the New to freely enter!!).
A good practice will bring about a perfect balance between shitha (soothing, refreshing) and ushna (stimulants, heating) actions in order not to create imbalances.
In the design of a practice according to the teachings of Sribhashyam, the number of āsanas, and in particular of certain specific āsanas, is dictated by the number of breaths performed in prānāyāma. Claude Maréchal also always reports the total number of breaths at the side of the practice sheet, summing up the number of breaths of each individual exercises, to help judge the overall balance of the practice session.

We worked a lot on dhārana, which we can translate as concentration, and the approach offered by Sribhashyam was based on moving the gaze (with closed eyes) along selected vital points along the body. These points are very similar to those described in the Yoga Yajnavalkya but with some differences, the choice perhaps linked to Krishnamacharya sensitivity in his personal exploration of the practice?

With your eyes closed, the gaze moves during the inhale, from the toes along the body, lingering on vital points along the legs, torso, throat, on the way up to the nose, forehead and top of the head. This is not an anatomical visualisation, nor does it run inside the body, but follows an imaginary line that connects the big toe to the tip of nose, as a projection of the point from the body to the line. It is not imagination but a real physical gaze operated with closed eyes.
During exhalation the eye movement stops, keeping the focus on some points of the torso or the head, Mula, Hrdaya, Nāsāgra, Bhrumadhya depending on the practice.
According to Krishnamacharya the points located between Mula and Śīrśa have greater spiritual value. The lowest points, such as the toes, are related to sensory experience, so we scan them, but we do not dwell there, since the practice compels us 'beyond'.

Compared to the Yoga Yajnavalkya, Krishnamacharya / Sribhasyam's practice involves a larger number of higher vital points. We try to disengage from the physical sensations of the body, which are connected to lower vital points in the body.
So when in paschimottanasana we desperately try to bring the nose on our lap at all costs, curving the back, we do nothing but obey the call of sensorial experience. But as these positions are called uttana, we must stretch, straighten, Mula to Sirsa, the back should be straight and extended.

Or, the gaze can stop at the infinite point of the horizon, Tāraka. And this focus is the prelude to the meditative state. Tāraka is the point at which we invoke the Divine.

Here I had a moment of discomfort, at the vigorous assertion that Dhyāna can only be possible when we let our mind fill with the Divine. In Dhārana we fill our mind with an object of attention, leaving a small space where Dhyāna can then grow, as the entire space is filled by the Divine.

What if we do not have a Divine? Well, if I got it right, according to Sribhashyam, Dhyana is not really possible at least in a practice linked to the Vedic tradition. Sribhashyam suggested the evocation of the Sun Disk, since the Sun represents for most of us the possibility of Life, for those who do not have a faith to follow.

But as a friend of mine remarked, millions of Buddhists in the last couple of thousand years could disagree... surely a meditative state which is not linked to the evocation of the Divine must be possible!?

Ultimately I found out that it is a word that scares me. Because if I substitute the word Divine with Reality, I feel much more at ease. Silly? To think that a word can define our mental state. And yet that is exactly what Patanjali means I think, when he says that objects shape our mind shape. And words are objects after all.

So in this seminar I had further evidence of how strong an impact can cultural influences have on the mind, sometimes all is needed is a little swap of cards on the table to change the game and let the mind open.

Sribhashyam spoke at length of the Movement / Non-movement concept, the pause in the breath, the pause between words in a speech, the pause before the choice between two foods.
He spoke of our attachment to movement and sensory perceptions, which reassure us of our existence. Of our fear to stop, to get into that suspension where reality with a capital R waits, which is not the reality of the daily grind, the constant search of sensations and emotions.
Only when we abandon feelings and emotions we can enter the Non-movement of the non-breathing and of meditation.

Because in the practice of Yoga, we should not seek physical sensations, but go further. The perception of the body, as interesting and rewarding it can be, is just another form of motion. Even when the body is still, if we focus on sensations, we are in full mental swing.

For this reason, the work on breath so important. Learning to voluntarily extend the breath, to equalize inhalation and exhalation, we also change our unconscious breath and prepare ourselves, so to speak, for the spontaneous suspension to occur. Because Reality with a capital R is not in Jacques Mayol's free-diving apnea, but in the spontaneous suspension of breath.

An effective practice must therefore take us to non/movement, as we find it in meditation or in the spontaneous pauses of breath. We move from the physical to the emotional, from the emotional to the spiritual. We use āsanas to reduce those unneeded movements of the body, so it is not important how many āsanas we perform but the total number of breaths we spend in them, which is in turn dictated by the total number of breaths in prānāyāma.
We use mudras to master emotions. For this reason are sarvangāsana and sirsāsana theoretically unavoidable (though the book offers alternatives).
We use prānāyāma to master physical impulses, beginning to prepare ourselves for the spiritual practice. For this reason prānāyāma is essential and Nadi Shodana sits above all prānāyāmas.  It can be a meditation in itself, especially if we apply the lightest possible breath, almost without touching the nostrils, without feeling the air flow.
And it is for the same reason that a practice beginning with prānāyāma put us in the right direction from the start; Krishnamacharya always started his practices with prānāyāma.

A practice built in this way becomes a ritual, a way to create a spiritual discipline. I have already written about the importance of ritual, of how we find it, subtle but strong, in the teachings of TKV Desikachar.
A ritual is - especially for Indians, whom Krishnamacharya primarily addressed, Sribhashyam said  - an order that can not be ignored nor altered.
Once a practice, a ritual, is assigned, changing it means operating a choice and letting our emotional side come into play, just the opposite of what we want in a practice that must lead to stillness.

It was a very important seminar for me, these notes are just a fraction of the insights I am still ruminating upon, maybe they also describe the most obvious part, certainly the easiest to transcribe; I could write pages and pages but I think you'd get bored, a stage comes where reading notes written by someone else, without having experienced, is pointless. Perhaps what I wrote above is trivial, I do not know.

Let's say that I found, in the words and practices offered by Sri TK Sribhashyam, what I think is the original Krishnamacharya, I believe what Sri TK Sribhashyam says is true, this was the way his father practiced, not necessarily what he taught others. Thinking also about Yoga Makaranda, what I heard and experienced resonates authentic and personal.

The almost absent references to Patanjali initially surprised me, considering the importance of the Yoga Sutras in the teachings of Krishnamacharya's other students. Perhaps this text did not initially hold for Krishnamacharya the relevance it acquired later, when student less tied to Veda increased in number.

It was a very important experience, which put me in front of some issues that I need to confront on this path, an experience which gave me some useful tools for teaching, but above all for my personal research.

I'm glad to have been invited.

The school's website: http://www.yogakshemam.net/English/homepage.html





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Thank you again to Chiara for sharing a taste of her experience this worksop with us.


NOTES

My previous post on T.K. Sribashyam, Breath of Gods (video) 
and the Emergance of Yoga (book).



An interview with Krishnamacharya's 3rd son T. K. Sribhashyam

Krishnamacharya's Personal Pranayama practice?

REVIEW: Breath of God, Documentary on T. Krishnamacharya

Emergence of Yoga by Krishnamacharya's 3rd son SRI T K SRIBHASHYAM now available in English translation

Emergence du Yoga by Krishnamacharya's Son T. K. Shribashyam



The influence of Sri TK Sribhashayam on my own practice


I practice a reasonably standard although very slow breathing Ashtanga Suryanamaskara and Standing sequence as a 'warm up' (with some longer stays following Krishnamacharya's Yoga Makaranda and Iyengar's research) and for general fitness ( Krishnamacharya may have practiced less asana in his own practice but he was still practicing a full range of asana along with his students). 


Below: Krishnamacharya practicing along with his students

French article by Krishnamacharya's student Yvonne Millerand translated on this post
http://grimmly2007.blogspot.jp/2012/10/yvonne-millerand-student-of.html



Photos from this post http://grimmly2007.blogspot.jp/2013/09/what-was-it-like-to-study-ashtanga.html

Once I get to Paschimattasana  however, Sribhashyam's influence becomes more apparent perhaps. A mudra like approach to the few asana I include in my practice (which still tend to follow a rough Krishnamacharya/Jois Ashtanga framework), employment of focal points, exhalations twice as long as inhalation, kumbhaka's. 

My pranayama before and after asana/mudra follows the outline Sribhashyam presents in THIS article on Pranayama (see also the pranayama practice in the insights into my father's practice in Emergence of Yoga). 

If I have less time to practice I will tend to practice a couple of sauryanamaskara, skip the standing sequence and move directly to asana/mudra rather than sacrifice my pranayama for asana. I may however cut pranayama cycles from six to three,  making it up perhaps in a second evening practice.

From Emergence of Yoga. I tend to include the Ujjayi Anuloma before my asana/mudra practice as well as afterwards and rather than including the Vishnu Gayatri mantra in the final Nadi Sodhana I practice it with Bhya kumbhaka.

If I depart from Sribhashyam's book/guidelines then it's in the longer stays I carry over from Krishnamacharya's Yoga Makaranda and Yogasanagalu. 

I see Sribhashyam's teaching as very much consistent with Ramaswami's presentation of Vinyasa Krama. Ramaswami presents long sequences of related asana as a pedagogic tool in his books and workshop, the question has always been how to then move from those long sequences into daily practice, Sri TK Sribhashyam's 'Emergence of Yoga' can give a helpful framework in this, the key asana Ramaswami mentions tend to be included in most of the practices outlined albeit with shorter stays and perhaps less variations.




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Below Krishnamacharya and one of his daughters presenting a little 'acroyoga' in a scene from the 1934 film footage


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Sunday, 4 September 2016

Krishnamacharya's bhardvajrasana - Also, a new blog title and layout

Posted on September 04, 2016 by ravi
Seeing as I don't post as often as I used to, I thought I might use the blog header photo as a place to occasionally present Krishnamacharya's asana/mudra instruction alongside either a photo of myself or ideally Krishnamacharya in the posture. I'm not sure how often I'll get around to changing the photo/instruction but perhaps I'll see about setting up a page at the top of the blog to include the previous photos/instruction/notes.

Starting off then with my current favourite asana (still) Bharadvajrasana. I've included my earlier post on the posture below but have added a note.

Note: in Yogasanagalu (1941) Krishnamacharya mentions bharadvajrasana in the Middle group of asana and that it formally has 18 vinyasa with #8 and #10 as the states of the asana ( so no jump back in between sides) Bhaya kumbhaka is also indicated.


Though in Krishnamacharya's later teaching he didn't seem to stress the vinyasa count/number he suggested to Ramaswami that it was still implied. one might still begin and end each asana from samastithi. In modern Ashtanga Vinyasa half vinyasa is practiced, in Ramaswami's presentation of his teacher's instruction one asana or mudra variation might flow into another, a transition to Samastithi coming either between subroutines or perhaps following a whole sequence.

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I've also changed the blog title to Krishnamacharya's 'original' Ashtanga yoga....at Home.

'Original' in inverted commas because Ashtanga of course goes back to Patanjali and his eight limbs and even then wasn't 'original', Patanjali seemingly bring together a collection of earlier teaching. 

It's clear from the table in Yogasanagalu (1941) that the Ashtanga presented by Pattabhi Jois was a continuation of much of his Krishnamacharya's, Mysore teaching, though somewhat simplified. The Primary and Intermediate series that Pattabhi Jois presented in his four year course at the Sanskrit college (along with the Proficient group divided by Jois into two more series) follow almost exactly the table in Yogasanagalu. Some of the changes are interesting however. Marichiyasana D placed in primary series by Pattabhi jois is in Krishnamacharya's middle list (and clearly it's an intermediate if not advanced posture) but there is an argument for placing it after marichiyasana A, B and C, in fact Krishnamacharya seems to have worked in a similar way. Less tied to a 'fixed' series Krishnamacharya may well have given students more advanced variations in areas where they were perhaps more flexible while they continued to work in areas they weren't on more primary asana. 

Below ,the Primary group of asana from Krishnamacharya's Yogasanagalu (1941) see this LINK for the full table.








Stressing 'original' in reference to Krishnamacharya's Ashtanga allows us to look closer at what has perhaps been mislaid in Pattabhi Jois' presentation of Ashtanga. The more flexible groups rather than fixed series, the Kumbhaka option indicated for most of the postures Krishnamacharya presents, the longer stays in for example Bharadvajrasana, but in so many other asana Krishnamacharya taught. 

It's possible to practice (and indeed 'teach') the Primary list of Asana Krishnamacharya presented in Yogasanagalu just as Ashtanga is currently taught, whether as in a led class or in a Mysore setting. It may well be that this formed the hour beginner class that Pattabhi Jois would lead in the 1920s on Krishnamacharya's behalf while his teacher was in a side room perhaps teaching one to one in a manner which perhaps reflect's more closely the Vinyasa Krama presented by Ramaswami ' - see the inversion variations Krishnamacharya demonstrates in the 1938 documentary video which follow closely Ramaswami's presentation of inversions.

While we may practice Krishnamacharya's Primary group as a series we should perhaps always be aware of the options Krishnamacharya made available to us in his early writing, the kumbhaka as our breath in an asana steadies, the variations of asana, whether as preparation or progression, the longer stays, the employment of bandhas, exploring postures as mudra and also the focal points that makes dharana perhaps available to some extent for most if not all asana  See also my Proficient Primary page. 

Note: I was asked this week if I am currently teaching Krishnamacharya's yoga, the answer is no, I don't feel it's necessary or that I am particularly qualified. Krishnamacharya communicates his own teaching better than I or anyone else ever could in his texts, explore them in your own practice. 

If possible (although it is NOT necessary), at some point, go to Boulder or Encinitas, Hawaii, Rethymno...,to Mysore for inspiration.... to Manju Jois ideally or another very experienced, perhaps more local teacher of asana/pranayama (I'd argue ten years of self practice minimum). But also read closely Krishnamacharya's Yoga makaranda I and II and Yogasanagalu (available on my free download page). Be reminded that each Ashtanga teacher is presenting their own understanding of Ashtanga and no doubt clinging to it (just as I am to Krishnamacharya's early texts), go back always to Krishnamacharya himself, his is the earliest source we have of this approach to asana, it was complete, fully formed, integrated with the other limbs a simplification really wasn't necessary. Take workshops with those who focus on Anatomy and Physiology to help practice safely rather than those offering fancy, advanced asana, quick fixes. Take regular Iyengar classes perhaps to explore the possibilities of asana. Take Ramaswami's courses and workshops or buy his book for variations both preparations and progression and an alternative approach to practice consistent with Krishnamacharya's early and later teaching. If you can't go to a teacher Practice alone, with a good book, a good dvd, replace a teachers experience with your own body awareness along with common sense, listen to your body. Practice daily or practice two days on one day off or  later, three days with one day off. Dip into some of the texts in the yoga reading list at the top of the blog but don't worry too much about them, every word written is already coded inside us..., sit, breathe, watch/listen.
Have fun, enjoy practice, make it a routine, a discipline and when it deepens, practice with sincere commitment... for a long time and see what comes.

Below, my earlier post on Bharadvajrasana....

Krishnamacharya's Bharadvajrasana named after the sage (Rishi) Bharadvāja 12- 48 breaths

I'm becoming obsessed with exploring this asana, Krishnamacharya talks of staying from 12 to 48 breaths and introducing both types of kumbhaka (so holding the breath in after inhalation and out after exhalation). At first, the position of the arm reaching around to hold the foot seems to stop the blood, it takes some settling into the posture for the blood to flow. The nature of the posture, the twist and double bind both in front and behind challenges the breath, the kumbhaka, it's fascinating, feels quite profound. I intended to stay for 24 breaths but lost count and it's probably closer to twenty. The video runs for about five minutes so 48 breaths would take around ten for each side, twenty minutes one asana, stunning, it's an asana that thinks it's a mudra.

First time practicing on tatami.... Springy.



BHARADVAJASANA 
from Krishnamacharya's Yoga Makaranda Part II (formally Salutations to the teacher, the eternal one)

Note: in Yogasanagalu (1941) Krishnamacharya mentions bharadvajrasana in the Middle group of asana and that it formally has 18 vinyasa with #8 and #10 as the states of the asana ( so no jump back in between sides) Bhaya kumbhaka is also indicated. 

Technique:
1. Sit on a piece of soft folded cloth, with one leg stretched straight in front, and the other leg folded back at the knee, so that the foot is close and by the side of the buttocks, the sole of the foot upturned, toes stretched and the back of the foot touching the cloth. The knees should be as close as possible. The foot of the leg, stretched in front, should be upright, to the ground and not inclined sideways. The body should be erect and the spinal column stretched-chin lock.

2. Bend the stretched leg (say the right) at the knees and bring the right heel very near the umbilicus. The right knee should touch the ground. Both the knees should be as near to each other as possible.

3. The right hand is taken round the back to catch hold of the toes of the right leg. The palm to touch the back of the foot.

4. The palm of the left hand is placed on the cloth below the right thigh. The hand should be stretched and not bent at the elbow. The left wrist should touch the outside of the thigh.

5. Twist trunk to face front. Turn the head, so that the chin is over the left shoulder.

6. Take deep inhalations and exhalations with holding in of breath and holding out of
breath. Both types of kumbhakam are necessary. The total rounds of deep breaths may be slowly increased as practice advances, from 12 to 48.

7. Repeat with the other leg.

Note: This is contra indicated to those who have had abdominal operation.




Below from this post
http://grimmly2007.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/this-interesting-comment-on-one-of-my.html


BHARADVAJA Vedic sage

Bharadwaja (Sanskrit: भरद्वाज, IAST Bharadvāja, also spelled Bhardwaj) was one of the greatest Hindu sages (Maharshis) descendant of rishi Angirasa, whose accomplishments are detailed in the Puranas. He is one of the Saptarshis (Seven Great Sages Rishi) in the present Manvantara; with others being Atri, Vashishtha, Vishvamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Kashyapa.[1]

picture from here

"Sage Bharadwaja is another renowned vedic rishi. He is considered to 
be a great vedic scholar and teacher. An episode found in the Kaataka 
portion of the Taittiriya sakha of Yajur Veda would be of interest. 
Bharadwaja was so much concentrating in studying the vedas that even 
as the life was coming to an end  he was still continuing with his 
studies. Indra, the Lord appeared before him and reminded him that it 
was almost the end of his life. He told Bharadwaj, “Bharadwaja!! If I 
give you another human life what would you like to do?” Back came the 
reply, “I will study the Vedas further”. Upon that, the Lord asked him 
to look at the three huge mountains the Lord created and took out from 
each one of them a handful of earth and placed them before Bharadwaja 
and said, “These mountains represent the three vedas and the three 
handfuls of dirt in front of you represent the vedas you have studied 
so far. You see the vedas are innumerable and infinite (ananta vai 
vedaH) and any number of births would not be sufficient to exhaust all 
the vedas. You try to understand the essence of the vedas, the source 
of all the Universe, the Brahman.” And Bharadwaja became a great 
spiritual teacher of the vedas. Again many families carry the 
Bharadwaja name".
from Srivatsa Ramaswami's Dec 2012 Newsletter

Curious how Krishnamacharya has us looking over the other shoulder, why? Both Iyengar and Jois would have us look over the back shoulder focusing on the twist. My guess it's to do with the breath, 12-48 breaths with both types of kumbhaka, Krishnamacharya doesn't tend to indicate kumbhaka in twisting postures. Having us keep the head over the front allows us to  explore the breath, the  kumbhaka, Krishnamacharya often seems to want to turn all asana into mudras.


from Light on Yoga



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Thursday, 1 September 2016

On yoga practice and ageing

Posted on September 01, 2016 by ravi
You may have no problems at all up to the age of fifty or sixty. After that, the real problem arises when the tissues of the body do not bear the load. What I practise now is more difficult than what I did when I was young or struggled to learn. Though today, I don’t consider those practices as very hard although I practised ten hours a day then. Today, it is a big fight between the body and the mind. The body says, “I can’t do it.” The mind says, “Do not force me.” BKS Iyengar

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"Most people want to take joy without suffering, I'll take both. 
See how far suffering takes me" BKS Iyengar Light on Life.

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We may not attain samadhi but perhaps the work we do in exploring the limbs of Ashtanga practice may prepare us somewhat for the suffering and hardship that awaits us. Few if any manage to avoid suffering completely. We do not seek pain or suffering but when it can not be avoided, reduced , deflected, we must be prepared perhaps to face it unflinchingly with dignity and forbearance and learn too from this pervasive aspect of life what it can teach us. 

Below is perhaps the most affecting article I've read on yoga, I'm tempted to print it out, frame it, and put it on the wall of the home shala. I've also included some notes on Iyengar's passing and a couple more articles, titled 'Seeing is believing' on BKS Iyengar practicing in his 80s.


BKS Iyengar on yoga practice and ageing

At 92 years of age BKS Iyengar continued to practise yoga for several hours each day. Here he describes how his practice changed with age and offers advice to students on yoga in later life.




You may have no problems at all up to the age of fifty or sixty. After that, the real problem arises when the tissues of the body do not bear the load. What I practise now is more difficult than what I did when I was young or struggled to learn. Though today, I don’t consider those practices as very hard although I practised ten hours a day then. Today, it is a big fight between the body and the mind. The body says, “I can’t do it.” The mind says, “Do not force me.”

Will over matter

Believe me, after a certain age, to practise āsana and prānāyāma is going to be very hard. I am doing it because of this reason only. The body ages. It descends towards deterioration. The rate of catabolism increases more than anabolism. The bones become brittle. The blood vessels get hardened. All these are known facts. I do not want to fall prey to these. If I surrender to the will of the body, then I am no more a yogic practitioner. When I practise, I watch how to stop this deteriorating process. That is the will over matter.
Then you say, “Iyengar doesn’t need anything because he has practised earlier”. But that is not the right way of thinking. In fact, I see how at this age I need to practise. I have to avoid the constriction of the sternum. I have to see how the diaphragm remains free. If I look at the possible deteriorations and maintain my practice of āsana, then people say that I am a physical yogi.

Increased timings

Often people think that at the old age they should do dhyāna (meditation) or japa (repetition of mantras) instead of āsana and prānāyāma practice. I am not that type of a sādhaka (practioner) to take shelter under the garb of old age. I will not run away from my practice because of the fear complex of old age. I do meditation in each āsana as in each āsana I see God who is infinite and beyond measure. Because of age I have increased timings in my practices. Mind and body want to give way. I daily charge my body and mind to stand with will power so that I do not surrender to the weakness of my body and mind.
Having a good background of philosophy, practising yoga, I now continue life without depending on anyone. I have to stick to the philosophy of the body as I am already ingrained in the spiritual knowledge.



The steadiness of intelligence

The only difference between now and the early days is that in the early days I was like all other youngsters. I was tempted to do the āsana one after the other. Today, I stay in Dwi Pāda Viparīta Dandāsana or in Kapotāsana for quite a length of time. At this age I clearly understand the sūtra (Yoga Sutras, II.46), sthira (stable, firm) sukham (sweet, easy) āsanam (posture) in its total sense. Now, I see in each āsana, the perfect freshness and firmness of body, the alert, steadiness of intelligence and the sweet, benevolence of the self. I see whether I can enjoy sthira and sukha in a long stay in Kapotāsana. Can I be sthira and sukha in Dwi Pāda Viparīta Dandāsana?
Sometimes I do ten minutes Pārsva Śīrșāsana, on each side. These are difficult āsanas. Nobody does the advanced or complicated āsana at this age. Nobody takes the risk of doing and staying in these āsana as it requires courage. To do and maintain an āsana when the muscles and nerves tremor and the loose joints shake, heart beats faster, it is not an easy thing. I am not that type of a person to sit in Padmāsana and say, “I am comfortable.” If you are doing yoga, you realise the difficulties as one ages. So, my advice to all of you is that as yoga frees one from the afflictions of actions, afflictions come in chains in old age. Therefore maintain and sustain what you have learnt and do to keep it up then.

Courage and faith

This needs not only will power but also courage and faith. By the proper chemistry of will power and courage along with discrimination, the yogic practices generate the energy in the nerve cells as you stay in those difficult āsanas for a long time with comfort. At this age I learn lots of things. It is the wisdom that comes at this age. I have not lost this freshness of intelligence.
When you do Pārsva Śīrșāsana, sometimes you may not know where the legs are, where the shoulders are, where the load is. For an aging person like me, it is more difficult to have the sensitivity; yet, I have not lost it. Every now and then I come back to the right position in case I deviate from my limbs or mind. I educate the cells that they have to remain where I want them. I try for sthira sukham āsanam in these difficult āsanas. It is easy to be sthira and have sukham in the simple āsana.
I regularly practise prānāyāma and dhyāna in Padmāsana. You do not see me early in the mornings to know what I do. You only see me practising āsana in the hall, but my approach is the same in prānāyāma, dhārāna and dhyāna. To be honest, this is ethics.
Tatah klesha karma nivrttih (YogaSutras, IV.30). With the end of afflicted oriented actions, see that the afflictions do not enter the system or you in old age.


Dipika, 2011
*

Do follow the link (click the article title) and check out the website, the excellent BLOG (http://iyi.org.uk/category/blog/) and the Resource page (https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/resources/articles/) that has amongst much else all the Iyengar Yoga News Magazine mentioned above to view and download


***
Two years ago I woke up to hear that BKS Iyengar had passed away. I was in Rethymno, Crete at the time, practicing Ashtanga at Kristina Karitinou's shala for three months. I mentioned to Kristina that the great man had passed and she informed the rest of the class and dedicated the mornings practice to his memory. At the end of my practice I quietly went out into the courtyard behind the shala and dropped back a 108 times just as I had once seen Iyengar do on perhaps his 80th birthday. It was only the second time I had attempted so many dropbacks (see this post) and I had to split it into four groups with a brief pause between each. At the time I wasn't exactly sure why I was doing it, wished after the first batch I hadn't started, and wondered why I was so moved by his passing,  I was an 'Ashtangi 'after all, I'd never been to an Iyengar class, still haven't..... reading this article now I wish now I had done that 108 twice.


Iyengar dropping back again and again and again 42 seconds into the movie below




On a workshop I was presenting at Stillpoint Yoga in London a few months later an Iyengar teacher who reads my blog occasionally sent me, via his student who was attending my workshop, some pages on Iyengar's late practice (from Iyengar Yoga News. Some sample pages below, the magazines are now available to view and download at the links). 

The practice was stunning, bemusing even, long long stays one after another, five minutes here, ten, fifteen minutes there, asana after asana, what possessed the man...... the article above goes someway perhaps to explaining but only someway. I held off posting those pages at the time but now I see they are readily available online.





See Part one of Inyengar's practice on p36 of  issue 3 


https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/IYN-3.pdf





Part two on p 33 of issue 4
https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/IYN-4.pdf


UPDATE: Encountering these articles again on BKS Iyengar's practicing in his 80s and 90s, I wanted to read more of his later writing. I've just started reading his Light on Life, a quite wonderful book, did Iyengar suspect it might be his last? It feels like a summation of all that he had learned in his lifetime of Ashtanga enquiry. The book treats each of Ashtanga's (eight) limbs chapter by chapter, we have Iyengar on asana, pranayama practice, on approaching/exploring each of the other limbs with the same uncompromising will with which he investigated asana throughout his life. 

Asana practice often gets a bad wrap these days, "That's not yoga", they say. 'They' see the play perhaps, the promotional asana that can, at times, distract us too from our work, we can allow ourselves some distraction perhaps if we then rejoin the struggle with ever more commitment. 


It is work, that daily discipline that characterises practice as we understand it.Lineage is of no importance other than to cling to an illusion of authority, another distraction, a support perhaps in the beginning, at some point it may become a hinderance to enquiry and what else is yoga. Sincere, committed practice, ideally daily, in whatever form it takes, moving or static, a mix of the two. Practiced with resolve it forges the will, the discipline required of the other limbs it leads us towards. 


There is a line from Iyengar's Light on Life that came back to me looking at these pictures...,  


"Most people want to take joy without suffering, I'll take both. 
See how far suffering takes me"


Was Svātmārāma thus, Matsyendrasana, in their uncompromising enquiry? 


(When) will we see his like again?



*



Note. The approach to Ashtanga I personally take now, at 53, is outlined in my Proficient Primary page http://grimmly2007.blogspot.jp/p/proficient-primary-project.html



Links

Do follow the link (click the article title) and check out the website, the excellent BLOG (http://iyi.org.uk/category/blog/) and the Resource page (https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/resources/articles/) that has amongst much else all the Iyengar Yoga News Magazine mentioned above to view and download.



https://www.amazon.com/Light-Life-Journey-Wholeness-Ultimate/dp/1594865248



Iyengar yoga Institute UK
http://iyi.org.uk/
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